A surgical technologist, also known as a surgical technician or operating room (OR) tech assists surgeons, nurses, and other medical professionals before, during, and after surgical procedures. Their primary responsibilities include preparing the operating room, sterilizing instruments, ensuring that surgical equipment is functioning properly, and handing tools to surgeons during procedures.
Surgical technologists maintain a sterile environment, which is essential for patient safety and successful surgical outcomes. Their quick thinking, precision, and attention to detail help ensure that surgeries run smoothly and efficiently.
The demand for surgical technologists is on the rise due to advancements in medical technology and an increasing number of surgical procedures. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in this field is projected to grow steadily over the next decade, making it a promising choice for those interested in a healthcare career.
What Does a Surgical Technologist Do?
Surgical technologists are essential members of the surgical team, ensuring that operations run smoothly and efficiently. They work alongside surgeons, nurses, and anesthesiologists, playing a crucial role in maintaining a sterile environment and assisting with various surgical tasks.
Key Responsibilities in the Operating Room
Surgical technologists have a wide range of responsibilities before, during, and after surgical procedures. Their duties include preparing the operating room, ensuring all surgical instruments are sterilized, and assisting the surgical team throughout the procedure. Their precision and efficiency contribute to the success of operations and the safety of patients.
Assisting Surgeons and Nurses
During surgery, surgical technologists pass instruments to surgeons, anticipate their needs, and ensure that the sterile field is maintained at all times. They also assist nurses by preparing sutures, sponges, and other essential materials needed for the procedure. In some cases, they may help with holding retractors or applying dressings to surgical sites. Their quick reflexes and attention to detail help keep the procedure on track.
Preparing Surgical Instruments and Sterile Environments
Before an operation, surgical technologists are responsible for setting up the operating room. This includes:
- Sterilizing and arranging surgical instruments, equipment, and supplies.
- Ensuring that surgical drapes and gowns are sterile.
- Checking that all equipment, such as surgical lights and electrocautery units, are functioning properly.
- Counting sponges, needles, and instruments to prevent items from being left inside the patient.
By carefully organizing and verifying all materials, they help prevent complications and infections.
Handling Post-Operative Care and Equipment Sterilization
After the surgery, surgical technologists assist in applying bandages, removing used instruments, and cleaning the operating room for the next procedure. They are responsible for:
- Disposing of biohazardous materials properly.
- Restocking surgical supplies for future operations.
- Cleaning and sterilizing surgical instruments using autoclaves or other sterilization methods.
Their role in post-operative care ensures that surgical tools remain in optimal condition and that the operating room is ready for the next patient.
By performing these critical duties, surgical technologists contribute significantly to patient safety and the overall success of surgical procedures. Their expertise in maintaining a sterile environment and assisting surgical teams makes them indispensable in hospitals, outpatient centers, and specialized surgical facilities.
Steps to Becoming a Surgical Technologist
Becoming a surgical technologist involves a series of educational and professional steps. From obtaining the necessary academic background to gaining hands-on experience and certification, each stage is crucial in preparing for a successful career in the field.
Step 1: Obtain a High School Diploma or GED
The first step toward becoming a surgical technologist is earning a high school diploma or GED. High school students interested in this career should focus on courses that provide a strong foundation in science and healthcare.
Recommended High School Courses:
- Biology: Understanding human anatomy and physiology is essential for surgical procedures.
- Anatomy & Physiology: Provides insight into body structures and functions, which is critical for working in the operating room.
- Chemistry: Helps with knowledge of sterilization techniques and medication interactions.
- Health Sciences or Medical Terminology: Familiarizes students with medical language and healthcare environments.
Some high schools offer healthcare-related vocational programs that can provide early exposure to medical careers.
Step 2: Complete a Surgical Technology Program
After high school, aspiring surgical technologists must enroll in a formal training program accredited by recognized organizations such as:
- Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)
- Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES)
Types of Surgical Technology Programs:
- Certificate or Diploma Programs: Typically take 9 months to 1 year to complete and focus on core surgical technology skills.
- Associate Degree Programs: Usually 2 years in length, offering a more in-depth education, including general education courses in addition to surgical technology training.
Coursework and Hands-On Training:
- Sterile techniques and infection control
- Surgical procedures and instrumentation
- Operating room safety and protocols
- Medical terminology and patient care
- Clinical externships in real surgical settings
Choosing an accredited program ensures eligibility for certification exams and improves job prospects.
Step 3: Gain Hands-On Experience Through Clinical Training
Clinical training is a critical component of surgical technology programs. It allows students to apply their classroom knowledge in real surgical settings under the supervision of experienced professionals.
Importance of Clinical Externships:
- Provides hands-on experience in hospitals, outpatient surgical centers, or specialized clinics.
- Helps students develop essential skills, such as handling surgical instruments and assisting surgeons during procedures.
- Builds confidence and prepares students for the fast-paced operating room environment.
Many employers prefer candidates with extensive clinical experience, making externships a valuable step in career preparation.
Step 4: Obtain CST Certification (Optional but Recommended)
Although certification is not always required, earning a credential can significantly enhance job opportunities and salary potential. Two widely recognized certifications for surgical technologists include:
- Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) – Offered by the National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (NBSTSA).
- Requires completion of an accredited program and passing an exam.
- Must be renewed every four years through continuing education or re-examination.
- Tech in Surgery – Certified (TS-C) – Offered by the National Center for Competency Testing (NCCT).
- Available to graduates of approved programs, military training, or those with work experience.
- Requires passing a certification exam.
Benefits of Certification:
- Higher job prospects and potential for career advancement.
- Employers often prefer or require certification.
- Increased earning potential compared to non-certified professionals.
Step 5: Apply for Surgical Technologist Jobs
Once trained and certified, the next step is to secure employment as a surgical technologist.
Types of Healthcare Settings:
- Hospitals: The most common workplace, offering exposure to various surgical specialties.
- Outpatient Surgery Centers: Focus on elective and same-day surgeries in a fast-paced environment.
- Private Practices and Specialty Clinics: Provide more specialized surgical procedures, such as plastic surgery or orthopedic surgery.
Resume and Interview Tips:
- Highlight Education & Certifications: Clearly list your accredited program and certification status.
- Emphasize Clinical Experience: Mention specific procedures and skills learned during training.
- Showcase Soft Skills: Teamwork, attention to detail, and ability to work under pressure are highly valued in surgical environments.
- Prepare for Behavioral & Technical Questions: Employers may ask about past experiences in high-stress situations or quiz you on surgical instruments and procedures.
Essential Skills and Qualities for Surgical Technologists
Becoming a successful surgical technologist requires a combination of technical knowledge, practical skills, and personal qualities that allow for efficiency in the fast-paced environment of the operating room.
Attention to Detail
Surgical technologists are responsible for ensuring that every surgical instrument, supply, and piece of equipment is properly sterilized, accounted for, and positioned correctly before, during, and after surgery. A small mistake—such as missing a piece of equipment or breaking sterility—can have serious consequences for patient safety. Precision and focus are critical.
Strong Knowledge of Surgical Procedures
Understanding surgical procedures is essential for anticipating the needs of the surgeon and the surgical team. Surgical technologists must know the sequence of steps in different surgeries, be familiar with the instruments used, and understand sterile techniques to minimize the risk of infection. Many surgical technologists gain this knowledge through education, hands-on clinical training, and on-the-job experience.
Ability to Work Under Pressure
Operating rooms are high-stakes environments where emergencies can arise at any time. Surgical technologists must remain calm, think quickly, and respond effectively to unexpected situations. The ability to stay composed under pressure is vital, as they play a key role in ensuring surgeries run smoothly.
Communication and Teamwork Skills
Surgical technologists work closely with surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists, and other medical professionals. Effective communication is crucial for relaying important information, responding to instructions, and working seamlessly within a team. Strong teamwork skills help ensure that surgical procedures are efficient, organized, and safe for the patient.
Career Advancement Opportunities for Surgical Techs
A career as a surgical technologist offers several paths for advancement, allowing professionals to specialize in specific surgical fields, take on greater responsibilities in the operating room, or transition into related healthcare careers. Here are some of the most common ways surgical technologists can grow in their profession.
Specialization Options
Surgical technologists can enhance their expertise by specializing in a specific area of surgery. Specialization often requires additional training and experience in a particular surgical field. Some common specializations include:
- Cardiovascular Surgery: Assisting in heart and vascular procedures, such as bypass surgery or valve replacements.
- Neurosurgery: Supporting complex brain and spinal cord surgeries, requiring precision and knowledge of neurosurgical instruments.
- Orthopedic Surgery: Specializing in joint replacements, sports injuries, and trauma-related bone surgeries.
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Assisting in cosmetic or reconstructive procedures, including burn treatments and skin grafts.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) Surgery: Participating in C-sections, hysterectomies, and fertility-related procedures.
Gaining specialized skills can make a surgical technologist more competitive in the job market and may lead to higher salaries.
Becoming a First Assistant Surgical Technologist
Experienced surgical technologists can advance to the role of a Surgical First Assistant (SFA), where they take on more responsibility in the operating room.
Duties of a Surgical First Assistant:
- Directly assisting the surgeon during procedures by handling tissues, suturing wounds, and applying dressings.
- Controlling bleeding and ensuring optimal visualization of the surgical site.
- Using surgical instruments to provide better exposure for the surgeon.
To become a first assistant, surgical technologists typically need additional education, such as completing a Certified Surgical First Assistant (CSFA) program accredited by organizations like the National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (NBSTSA). Certification as an SFA can lead to higher earnings and increased job responsibilities.
Transitioning into Healthcare Administration or Nursing
For surgical technologists who want to move into different areas of healthcare, there are several career transition opportunities:
- Healthcare Administration: Surgical technologists with leadership skills can pursue roles in hospital administration, surgical department management, or medical equipment sales. A degree in healthcare administration, business, or a related field can help facilitate this transition.
- Nursing (Registered Nurse – RN): Some surgical technologists choose to further their education and become registered nurses. Many colleges offer Surgical Tech-to-RN bridge programs, which allow surgical technologists to apply their existing experience toward an associate or bachelor’s degree in nursing.
- Physician Assistant (PA) or Nurse Practitioner (NP): With additional education and clinical training, surgical technologists can advance to higher medical roles, such as physician assistants or nurse practitioners, expanding their scope of practice in patient care.
Salary and Job Outlook for Surgical Technologists
A career as a surgical technologist offers competitive pay and strong job growth, making it an attractive option for those interested in the medical field.
Average Salary Range
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the average annual salary for surgical technologists is around $60,300.
Factors Affecting Salary
Several factors influence how much a surgical technologist can earn, including:
- Experience: More experienced surgical technologists often earn higher salaries, especially those who specialize in complex surgical procedures.
- Certification: Obtaining a Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) credential or a Tech in Surgery-Certified (TS-C) certification can lead to better job opportunities and higher pay.
- Location: Salaries vary based on geographic location. States with a higher demand for surgical technologists, such as California, Alaska, and Connecticut, tend to offer higher wages.
- Work Setting: Surgical technologists employed in hospitals typically earn more than those working in outpatient surgery centers or private practices.
Job Growth Projections and Demand
The demand for surgical technologists is expected to grow 6% from 2023 to 2033, according to the BLS. This growth is fueled by:
- An aging population requiring more surgical procedures.
- Advances in medical technology leading to an increase in surgeries.
- A growing emphasis on patient safety and sterile surgical environments.
Surgical Technologist vs. Other Medical Technician Roles
While surgical technologists play a critical role in the operating room, other medical professionals also assist in procedures and diagnostic imaging. Here’s how surgical technologists compare to radiology technicians, surgical assistants, and ultrasound technicians.
Surgical Technologist vs. Radiology Technician
While both surgical technologists and radiology technicians work in healthcare settings, their roles, responsibilities, and training differ significantly.
| Aspect | Surgical Technologist | Radiology Technician |
| Primary Role | Prepares the operating room, sterilizes equipment, and assists surgeons during procedures. | Operates imaging equipment (X-rays, MRIs, CT scans) to help diagnose medical conditions. |
| Work Environment | Primarily works in operating rooms in hospitals or outpatient surgical centers. | Works in hospitals, imaging centers, and physician offices. |
| Patient Interaction | Assists patients before and during surgery but typically does not interact with them post-surgery. | Works directly with patients, explaining imaging procedures and ensuring their comfort. |
| Training Requirements | Requires a certificate, diploma, or associate degree in surgical technology. | Requires an associate degree in radiologic technology and state licensure. |
| Certifications | Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) or Tech in Surgery-Certified (TS-C) | American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) certification |
Surgical Technologist vs. Surgical Assistant
Surgical assistants have a more advanced and hands-on role in the operating room compared to surgical technologists.
| Aspect | Surgical Technologist | Surgical Assistant |
| Primary Role | Prepares the surgical area, provides instruments to the surgeon, and ensures a sterile environment. | Directly assists surgeons during procedures, performing tasks like suturing, retracting tissues, and controlling bleeding. |
| Work Environment | Works in hospitals, outpatient surgery centers, and specialized surgical teams. | Works in the same environments but with greater involvement in the procedure. |
| Patient Interaction | Minimal interaction with patients. | Works more closely with patients, including preoperative and postoperative care. |
| Training Requirements | Requires an accredited surgical technology program (certificate, diploma, or associate degree). | Requires advanced training, such as a surgical first assistant program or additional certifications. |
| Certifications | CST or TS-C (certification is optional but preferred). | Certified Surgical First Assistant (CSFA) through NBSTSA or SA-C through ABSA. |
Surgical Technologist vs. Ultrasound Technician
While both careers support patient care, surgical technologists work in surgical settings, whereas ultrasound technicians specialize in medical imaging.
| Aspect | Surgical Technologist | Ultrasound Technician |
| Primary Role | Supports surgeons by maintaining a sterile environment and assisting during operations. | Uses ultrasound equipment to capture images of internal organs, tissues, and blood flow for diagnostic purposes. |
| Work Environment | Works primarily in operating rooms. | Works in hospitals, diagnostic imaging centers, and physician offices. |
| Patient Interaction | Limited interaction, mostly assisting surgeons and nurses. | Works directly with patients to perform ultrasounds and explain procedures. |
| Training Requirements | Requires a certificate, diploma, or associate degree in surgical technology. | Requires an associate or bachelor’s degree in diagnostic medical sonography. |
| Certifications | CST or TS-C | Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) through ARDMS. |
Takeaways
Becoming a surgical technologist requires completing a few essential steps: earning a high school diploma or GED, enrolling in an accredited surgical technology program, gaining hands-on clinical experience, and obtaining certification to enhance job prospects. With proper training and certification, aspiring surgical technologists can enter a rewarding healthcare career with excellent job stability and opportunities for advancement.
If you’re passionate about working in a fast-paced medical environment and playing a critical role in patient care, surgical technology could be a great career path for you. The field offers competitive salaries, job security, and the opportunity to work alongside skilled medical professionals in life-saving procedures.