How To Become a Paralegal

If you’re interested in the legal field but don’t want to invest years into law school, becoming a paralegal may be the perfect career path for you. Paralegals play an essential role in the legal system by assisting attorneys with research, case preparation, and a wide range of legal tasks. With the increasing demand for legal services and the growing complexity of cases, the need for skilled paralegals has risen sharply, making it an excellent time to enter this rewarding profession.

In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about becoming a paralegal, from the necessary skills and education to potential career opportunities.

What Does a Paralegal Do?

Paralegals, also known as legal assistants, perform a variety of tasks that support attorneys in their legal work. They are indispensable in legal settings, taking on much of the behind-the-scenes work that allows lawyers to focus on courtroom appearances and high-level legal strategy.

Key Responsibilities:

• Legal Research: Paralegals conduct in-depth research on laws, regulations, and legal precedents. This information is then used to support legal arguments, draft documents, or inform attorneys’ case strategies.
• Document Drafting: Paralegals often prepare legal documents such as contracts, wills, pleadings, and discovery motions. While these documents are typically reviewed by attorneys, paralegals are responsible for ensuring their accuracy and completeness.
• Case Management: Paralegals are involved in managing case files, ensuring that deadlines are met, organizing evidence, and communicating with clients and witnesses.
• Administrative Support: From filing documents with the court to scheduling meetings, paralegals handle many administrative duties that keep law firms or legal departments running smoothly.

Though paralegals perform a wide variety of tasks, they cannot provide legal advice or represent clients in court. Those responsibilities are reserved for licensed attorneys. However, paralegals play a crucial role in ensuring cases are well-prepared, organized, and legally sound.

Skills and Qualities Needed for Paralegals

Becoming a successful paralegal requires more than just legal knowledge. Paralegals must possess a combination of hard and soft skills to navigate the demands of the profession.

Ethical Responsibility: Paralegals often handle sensitive information. Upholding confidentiality and maintaining ethical standards is paramount to the integrity of the legal system.

Attention to Detail: Legal documents must be precise, and any mistake can have significant consequences. Paralegals must be able to catch even the smallest errors in contracts, briefs, and other legal documents.

Organizational Skills: Managing multiple cases simultaneously requires exceptional organizational skills. Paralegals must keep track of important dates, manage large volumes of paperwork, and ensure that attorneys have everything they need for court proceedings or meetings.

Research and Writing Skills: Much of a paralegal’s work involves researching case law, statutes, and legal precedents. Being able to compile this information and present it clearly and concisely is a crucial aspect of the job.

Communication Skills: Paralegals often act as the liaison between attorneys, clients, and witnesses. Strong communication skills are necessary to ensure that all parties are well-informed and that legal strategies are clearly understood.

Educational Requirements for Paralegals

To become a paralegal, the first step is acquiring the appropriate education. Unlike lawyers who must attend law school, paralegals have several educational pathways that can prepare them for the job.

High School Diploma or Equivalent

At the most basic level, aspiring paralegals need a high school diploma or GED. However, to be competitive in the job market, further education is usually required.

Associate Degree in Paralegal Studies

One of the most common educational routes is obtaining an Associate Degree in Paralegal Studies. These programs, typically offered by community colleges or technical schools, take about two years to complete and provide foundational knowledge in areas such as legal research, contracts, and litigation.

Bachelor’s Degree with Paralegal Certificate

Another pathway is to pursue a Bachelor’s Degree in any field followed by a Paralegal Certificate program. Some schools offer bachelor’s programs specifically in legal studies or paralegal studies, but many students with degrees in related fields (such as criminal justice, business, or political science) choose to obtain a certificate post-graduation. This option typically takes about one year and focuses specifically on legal training.

Post-Baccalaureate Paralegal Certificates

If you already hold a bachelor’s degree in another field, a post-baccalaureate paralegal certificate is a quick way to transition into the paralegal profession. These programs often focus on the legal skills and knowledge necessary for the job and can be completed in less than a year.

Online vs. In-Person Programs

Many paralegal programs are now available online, providing flexibility for those with busy schedules or who are working while studying. However, some students prefer in-person programs for hands-on learning and direct interaction with professors and peers. Both online and in-person programs are acceptable, but ensure that the program is accredited by a reputable organization, such as the American Bar Association (ABA), for greater career opportunities.

Recommended Degree Pathways for Paralegals

If you’re looking to become a certified paralegal, pursuing a degree in a relevant field can provide the necessary legal knowledge, research skills, and critical thinking required for certification. Here are some degrees that can prepare you to become a certified paralegal:

1. Associate Degree in Paralegal Studies

• Duration: Typically 2 years
• Overview: This is one of the most common paths to becoming a paralegal. Associate degree programs in paralegal studies provide foundational knowledge in areas like legal research, writing, civil litigation, and ethics. Many programs are approved by the American Bar Association (ABA), which can enhance your job prospects.
• Best For: Those who want a focused, quick path into the paralegal profession.

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2. Bachelor’s Degree in Paralegal Studies

• Duration: Typically 4 years
• Overview: A bachelor’s degree in paralegal studies offers more in-depth education than an associate degree. It covers additional legal concepts, research methodologies, and sometimes offers specializations in areas like corporate law, criminal law, or intellectual property law.
• Best For: Those looking to gain a broader understanding of the legal field and seeking more advancement opportunities.

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3. Bachelor’s Degree in Legal Studies

• Duration: Typically 4 years
• Overview: Legal studies degrees provide a comprehensive overview of the legal system, including courses in constitutional law, criminal law, and contracts. These programs may include a paralegal track or offer the option to pursue paralegal certification post-graduation.
• Best For: Those interested in the broader legal system who may want to explore other law-related careers in addition to being a paralegal.

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4. Post-Baccalaureate Certificate in Paralegal Studies

• Duration: 1 year or less
• Overview: If you already have a bachelor’s degree in another field, a post-baccalaureate paralegal certificate can provide the legal skills needed to transition into a paralegal career. This is often a fast-tracked program focused exclusively on paralegal coursework.
• Best For: Individuals who hold a bachelor’s degree in an unrelated field and want to enter the paralegal profession quickly.

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5. Bachelor’s Degree in Criminal Justice

• Duration: Typically 4 years
• Overview: While not specifically designed for paralegals, a criminal justice degree can offer relevant coursework in law enforcement, the judicial system, and legal procedures. Pairing this degree with a paralegal certificate can make you a competitive candidate for legal roles in criminal law.
• Best For: Those interested in criminal law or working in law firms that handle criminal cases.

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6. Bachelor’s Degree in Political Science

• Duration: Typically 4 years
• Overview: A political science degree helps students understand government structures, lawmaking, and public policy. With the addition of a paralegal certificate, this degree can be a strong foundation for a paralegal career, particularly in public interest or governmental law.
• Best For: Individuals interested in policy, governmental law, or advocacy work.

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7. Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration (with Paralegal Concentration)

• Duration: Typically 4 years
• Overview: A business administration degree with a paralegal concentration offers students the chance to understand both business operations and the legal aspects of business. This is ideal for those looking to work as paralegals in corporate legal departments or business law firms.
• Best For: Those who want to specialize in corporate law or business-related legal work.

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8. Associate or Bachelor’s Degree in Public Administration

• Duration: 2-4 years
• Overview: Public administration programs focus on governmental functions and public policies. Adding a paralegal certificate can make graduates well-suited for roles in government agencies or non-profit organizations that require legal expertise.
• Best For: Those who wish to work in the public sector or policy-based organizations.

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9. Associate or Bachelor’s Degree in Human Resources

• Duration: 2-4 years
• Overview: While primarily focused on workforce management, human resources programs often include coursework in employment law. A paralegal certificate can complement this degree for those interested in labor or employment law.
• Best For: Paralegals specializing in employment or labor law.

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10. Bachelor’s Degree in English or Communications

• Duration: Typically 4 years
• Overview: Paralegals need strong research, writing, and communication skills. An English degree or communications degree can provide a solid foundation in these areas, especially when paired with a post-baccalaureate paralegal certificate.
• Best For: Those with an interest in legal writing, research, and preparing detailed legal documents.

Practical Experience and Skills Development

Building a successful paralegal career goes beyond formal education. Gaining practical experience through internships and entry-level positions is crucial for skill development and professional growth. These opportunities allow aspiring paralegals to apply their knowledge in real-world settings and gain valuable insights into the legal field.

Developing strong research, writing, and communication skills is essential for paralegals, as they often handle tasks such as drafting legal documents, communicating with clients, and organizing case files. Additionally, familiarity with legal terminology and procedures ensures that paralegals can effectively support attorneys and contribute to successful case outcomes.

Staying updated on changes in laws and regulations is another critical aspect of paralegal skill development. This ongoing learning process enables paralegals to provide accurate and timely assistance to attorneys, ensuring that their work remains relevant and valuable in an ever-evolving legal landscape.

Paralegal Certification

While certification is not always mandatory, it can enhance your job prospects and demonstrate your commitment to the profession. Several organizations offer voluntary certification for paralegals.

Certified Paralegal (CP) or Certified Legal Assistant (CLA)

Offered by the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA), the Certified Paralegal (CP) or Certified Legal Assistant (CLA) designation is one of the most recognized certifications in the field. To qualify, candidates must pass a comprehensive exam that covers legal terminology, ethics, and substantive law. This certification demonstrates a high level of competency and professionalism.

Paralegal Advanced Competency Exam (PACE)

The Paralegal Advanced Competency Exam (PACE) is offered by the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA). It is designed for paralegals who already have experience in the field and want to demonstrate advanced knowledge and skills.

State-Specific Certifications

Some states have their own certification processes for paralegals. For example, California requires paralegals to complete continuing education every two years to remain qualified. Always check your state’s specific requirements.

Benefits of Certification:

• Enhanced job opportunities
• Higher salary potential
• Demonstration of expertise and commitment to the profession
• Potential for career advancement

Paralegal Specializations

Paralegals can choose to specialize in various areas of law, allowing them to tailor their career path according to their interests and expertise. Common areas of specialization include corporate law, criminal law, immigration law, and family law. By focusing on a specific area, paralegals can develop in-depth knowledge and skills that can lead to more specialized job opportunities and higher salaries.

• Corporate: Corporate paralegals work within the legal departments of corporations. They assist with matters such as mergers and acquisitions, contract drafting and review, corporate governance, and compliance with state and federal regulations.
• Real Estate: Real estate paralegals focus on transactions related to real property, including drafting real estate contracts, conducting title searches, and assisting with real estate closings.
• Family Law: Family law paralegals assist attorneys in matters related to divorce, child custody, child support, spousal support, and adoption. They may also work on domestic violence and restraining order cases.
• Immigration: Immigration paralegals work on immigration matters, including visa applications, green card applications, naturalization, and deportation cases. They may assist clients with immigration forms and gather supporting documents.
• Intellectual Property (IP): IP paralegals assist in patent, trademark, and copyright matters. They help prepare and file applications, conduct searches, and monitor intellectual property portfolios.
• Litigation: Litigation paralegals work on lawsuits and legal disputes. They assist with case management, document review, and trial preparation. Litigation paralegals can further specialize in areas like personal injury, medical malpractice, or commercial litigation.
• Criminal Law: Criminal law paralegals support defense attorneys or prosecutors in criminal cases. They help with case investigation, legal research, and the preparation of legal documents.
• Estate Planning and Probate: Estate planning paralegals assist in the preparation of wills, trusts, and other estate planning documents. Probate paralegals work on the administration of estates after an individual’s death.
• Environmental Law: Environmental law paralegals assist attorneys in cases involving environmental regulations, compliance, and litigation. They may work on matters related to pollution, land use, and conservation.
• Bankruptcy: Bankruptcy paralegals help clients file for bankruptcy and navigate the legal processes associated with bankruptcy cases, including Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 filings.
• Healthcare Law: Healthcare law paralegals work on legal issues related to the healthcare industry, such as medical malpractice, healthcare regulations, and compliance with healthcare laws.
• Employment Law: Employment law paralegals assist with matters such as employment discrimination cases, wrongful termination claims, wage and hour disputes, and labor law compliance.
• Government: Government paralegals work within government agencies or departments, assisting with legal matters related to administrative law, regulatory compliance, and public policy.
• Education Law: Education law paralegals assist with legal issues related to educational institutions, including matters like special education, student rights, and school board governance.
• Civil Rights: Civil rights paralegals work on cases involving civil rights violations, discrimination, and constitutional law issues.

Paralegal specialties can continue to evolve as the legal field changes and new areas of law emerge. Paralegals often gain expertise through experience, education, and continuing legal education programs. The specific role and responsibilities of a paralegal in a particular specialty may vary depending on the legal jurisdiction and the specific needs of the law firm or organization.

Gaining Practical Experience

Education is critical, but hands-on experience is just as important for aspiring paralegals. Most employers prefer candidates who have practical legal experience, which is often gained through internships or entry-level positions.

1. Internships

Many paralegal programs offer internships as part of their curriculum. Internships provide invaluable experience in real-world legal settings, allowing you to apply what you’ve learned in school. You can find internships in law firms, corporate legal departments, government agencies, or non-profit organizations.

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2. Volunteering

Volunteering with legal aid organizations or non-profits that provide free legal services is another way to gain experience. Many organizations need help with research, document preparation, and client communication, giving you exposure to the field while contributing to a good cause.

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3. Entry-Level Positions

If you’re unable to secure an internship, consider applying for entry-level positions such as legal secretary or administrative assistant in a law firm. These roles allow you to familiarize yourself with the legal environment and can help you transition into a paralegal position later.

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Licensing and Continuing Education

Licensing requirements for paralegals vary by state. In most states, paralegals are not required to obtain a specific license to practice, but certain jurisdictions have specific regulations or requirements for those working in the legal field.

Even if your state does not require licensing, continuing education is essential. The legal field is constantly evolving, and staying updated on new laws, legal technology, and best practices is crucial to advancing your career. Many certification programs, such as NALA’s CP designation, require continuing education credits to maintain your certification.

Career Opportunities and Advancement

Once you’ve completed your education and gained some experience, the career opportunities for paralegals are vast. Paralegals are employed in a variety of settings, from private law firms to large corporations and government agencies.

Common Employers

• Law Firms: Most paralegals work in law firms, supporting attorneys in areas like litigation, corporate law, family law, or criminal defense.
• Corporate Legal Departments: Many corporations employ in-house paralegals to assist with contract management, regulatory compliance, and intellectual property matters.
• Government Agencies: Paralegals are employed by government offices, including state, federal, and local agencies, where they assist with regulatory issues, public policy, and case management.
• Non-Profit Organizations: Some paralegals work for legal aid organizations or non-profits, helping underserved populations with legal matters.

Networking and Professional Development

Networking is a crucial aspect of building a successful paralegal career. Establishing connections with professionals in the legal field can lead to job opportunities, mentorship, and valuable insights into industry trends. Joining professional organizations, such as the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA) or the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA), provides networking platforms and access to resources like industry news, job postings, and continuing education opportunities.

Attending conferences and events focused on the legal field enables paralegals to expand their professional network and stay informed about the latest developments in the industry. Additionally, these events often offer workshops and seminars that contribute to continuous skill and knowledge improvement, ensuring that paralegals remain competitive in the job market and well-equipped to perform their duties effectively.

Advancement and Growth Opportunities

Paralegals seeking career advancement and growth can explore various options to enhance their professional standing. Pursuing further education or certifications, such as specialized paralegal certificates or even law degrees, can open new opportunities and demonstrate a commitment to professional development.

Gaining experience and expertise in specialized areas of law allows paralegals to become valuable assets to their employers and clients. Specialization can lead to more challenging and rewarding work, potentially resulting in higher salaries and career growth.

Embracing leadership roles in the workplace enables paralegals to showcase their skills, knowledge, and experience. Taking on additional responsibilities and mentoring junior colleagues can lead to increased recognition, job satisfaction, and opportunities for advancement within the legal field.

Empower Your Paralegal Career

As we’ve explored, becoming a paralegal involves acquiring the right education, gaining practical experience, and staying up-to-date with legal developments. By pursuing specialized certifications or further education, paralegals can enhance their careers and open doors to new opportunities. Networking and professional development are also essential for growth, enabling paralegals to connect with peers, mentors, and potential employers.

If you’re considering a paralegal career, we encourage you to take the first step and explore the available resources. Visit Pathways to Advancement for valuable information on paralegal education and career advice, helping you make informed decisions on your journey to a fulfilling and successful career.

Additional Resources for Aspiring Paralegals

To stay informed and connected in the paralegal field, it’s important to join professional organizations and take advantage of available resources. Some helpful organizations and resources include:

• Paralegal Today (online forum and magazine)
• National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA)
• National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA)
• American Association for Paralegal Education (AAfPE)