Respiratory therapy is a healthcare specialty focused on helping patients breathe more easily and manage conditions that affect the lungs and respiratory system. Respiratory therapists (RTs) work with people of all ages, from premature infants with underdeveloped lungs to elderly patients with chronic illnesses. Their responsibilities range from providing oxygen therapy and managing ventilators to performing diagnostic tests and educating patients about managing respiratory diseases.
These professionals play an essential role in healthcare settings such as hospitals, intensive care units, emergency rooms, rehabilitation centers, and home health environments. They often collaborate with physicians, nurses, and other medical staff to create treatment plans tailored to each patient’s needs.
The demand for respiratory therapists continues to grow as rates of chronic conditions like asthma, COPD, and sleep apnea rise, and as the healthcare system adapts to caring for an aging population. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for respiratory therapists is projected to increase faster than the average for all healthcare occupations, making this a promising career path for those interested in healthcare.
Carrington College (Online)
Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy (BSRT) program
What Does a Respiratory Therapist Do?
Respiratory therapists provide specialized care for patients who have difficulty breathing or are living with lung-related conditions. Their work involves both direct patient care and the use of advanced medical equipment.
Typical responsibilities include:
- Conducting patient assessments to evaluate lung function and breathing capacity
- Administering oxygen therapy and other breathing treatments
- Setting up and managing ventilators for patients who cannot breathe on their own
- Performing diagnostic tests such as arterial blood gas analysis or pulmonary function testing
- Educating patients and families on managing chronic respiratory conditions, including medication use and lifestyle adjustments
Where Do Respiratory Therapists Work
Respiratory therapists are employed in a wide range of healthcare environments. Many work in hospitals, particularly in emergency rooms, intensive care units, and operating rooms. Others may work in rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, nursing homes, sleep labs, or provide in-home care to patients who require long-term respiratory support.
What Kind of Patients Do Respiratory Therapists Work With?
Respiratory therapists care for a diverse group of patients. They may help premature infants with underdeveloped lungs, older adults dealing with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or trauma patients in critical condition. They also treat individuals with asthma, pneumonia, or sleep disorders. Because respiratory issues can affect people at any stage of life, therapists must be prepared to adapt their care to a wide range of patient needs.
University of Cincinnatti (Online)
Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy
Education Requirements for Respiratory Therapists
To become a respiratory therapist, you’ll need formal training through an accredited educational program. The minimum requirement for entry-level positions is typically an associate degree in respiratory therapy, which provides the foundational knowledge and clinical experience needed to begin practicing.
Some students choose to pursue a bachelor’s degree in respiratory therapy. While not always required for licensure, a bachelor’s degree can open the door to career advancement, leadership positions, teaching opportunities, and higher earning potential. Many employers also prefer or require candidates with four-year degrees, especially in specialized or supervisory roles.
Common coursework in respiratory therapy programs includes:
- Anatomy and physiology
- Chemistry and microbiology
- Pharmacology related to respiratory care
- Cardiopulmonary physiology
- Respiratory care techniques and procedures
- Diagnostic testing and therapeutic interventions
In addition to classroom learning, students must complete hands-on clinical training in real healthcare environments. Clinical rotations allow future respiratory therapists to work directly with patients, operate medical equipment, and develop the practical skills necessary to provide safe and effective care.
Pima Medical Institute
Respiratory Therapy Associate Degree Program
Licensure and Certification for Respiratory Therapists
In most states, respiratory therapists must hold a state license to practice. Licensure requirements vary, but nearly all states require candidates to complete an accredited program and pass a national certification exam. Before applying for a license, it’s important to check the specific rules in the state where you plan to work.
The National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) oversees the primary certifications in this field:
- Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT): The entry-level credential earned by passing the NBRC Therapist Multiple-Choice (TMC) exam at the lower cut score. This certification demonstrates fundamental competence to begin working as a respiratory therapist.
- Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT): The advanced credential awarded to those who achieve the higher cut score on the TMC exam and successfully complete the Clinical Simulation Examination (CSE). The RRT is often preferred by employers and can provide greater career opportunities.
To remain licensed and certified, respiratory therapists are typically required to complete continuing education. This ensures they stay current with new treatments, technologies, and best practices in respiratory care. Renewal requirements vary by state and certification level, but maintaining active credentials is essential for ongoing employment and professional growth.
Skyline College
Respiratory Care Associate Degree
Steps to Become a Respiratory Therapist
Becoming a respiratory therapist involves a combination of education, certification, and hands-on training. Below is the general pathway to entering the field:
- Earn a high school diploma or equivalent
Focus on science courses such as biology, chemistry, and physics. A strong foundation in math and science will prepare you for the coursework ahead. - Enroll in an accredited respiratory therapy program
Choose between an associate degree (minimum requirement) or a bachelor’s degree for broader career opportunities. Accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) ensures the respiratory therapy program meets professional standards. - Complete clinical experience requirements
Hands-on training in hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare settings allows you to practice patient care under supervision and gain real-world experience with respiratory therapy equipment and procedures. - Pass the NBRC exam
After graduation, you’ll take the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) exams. Most therapists start with the Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT) credential and then advance to the Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT), which is often preferred by employers. - Obtain state licensure
Most states require respiratory therapists to be licensed. This process typically involves submitting proof of education, exam results, and paying an application fee. - Seek employment and consider specializations
Once licensed, you can begin working in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, or other healthcare facilities. Many therapists choose to specialize in areas such as neonatal care, critical care, or pulmonary rehabilitation for career growth and advancement.
Platt College
Respiratory Therapy Associate Degree
How Long Does it Take to Become a Respiratory Therapist?
The time it takes to become a respiratory therapist depends on the education pathway you choose and the state requirements for licensure.
- Associate Degree Route: Most respiratory therapists complete an associate degree in respiratory therapy, which typically takes about 2 years of full-time study. This is the fastest path to entering the field.
- Bachelor’s Degree Route: Earning a bachelor’s degree in respiratory therapy generally takes about 4 years. While it requires more time, it can provide greater opportunities for advancement, leadership roles, or specialized practice.
- Clinical Training: Both associate and bachelor’s programs include hands-on clinical experience, which is completed alongside coursework and usually does not extend program length.
- Licensure and Certification: After graduation, you’ll need time to prepare for and pass the NBRC certification exams. Once you’ve achieved your credential, applying for state licensure may add a few weeks to the process depending on state timelines.
In total, most people become eligible to work as a respiratory therapist in about 2 to 4 years. Choosing between an associate or bachelor’s degree largely determines the length of your educational journey.
Skills and Qualities Needed
Succeeding as a respiratory therapist requires more than just technical training. In addition to mastering medical equipment and treatment procedures, respiratory therapists must bring a blend of interpersonal skills, problem-solving abilities, and compassion to their daily work. The combination of technical expertise and human connection enables them to support patients effectively while navigating the challenges of a fast-paced healthcare environment.
Technical Skills
Respiratory therapists must be proficient in using specialized equipment such as ventilators, oxygen delivery systems, and diagnostic tools. They also need a solid understanding of medical procedures and the ability to interpret test results to guide patient care.
Communication and Patient Care Skills
Strong communication skills are essential, as therapists frequently explain treatment plans, teach patients how to manage their conditions, and collaborate with doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. Building trust and providing clear instructions help patients feel more confident in managing their respiratory health.
Critical Thinking in Emergencies
Respiratory therapists often work in high-pressure situations, such as responding to trauma cases or managing patients in critical care units. Quick decision-making, problem-solving, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions are key to successful outcomes.
Compassion and Emotional Resilience
Working with patients who may be struggling to breathe or dealing with chronic illnesses requires empathy and patience. Emotional resilience also helps therapists manage the stress that can come with caring for patients in life-threatening situations.
San Joaquin Valley College
Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy
Career Advancement Opportunities
A career in respiratory therapy doesn’t stop at entry-level practice. Once licensed, therapists can pursue a variety of paths that expand their expertise and professional impact. From specializing in specific patient populations to earning advanced degrees or stepping into leadership roles, respiratory therapists have many opportunities to shape their careers and increase their long-term growth potential.
Respiratory Therapy Specializations
Respiratory therapists can advance their careers by specializing in areas such as neonatal and pediatric care, sleep disorders, pulmonary rehabilitation, or critical care. Specialization allows therapists to focus on patient populations or conditions they find most rewarding.
Pursuing Higher Education
While an associate degree is the entry point, earning a bachelor’s or master’s degree can open the door to advanced practice, management, or academic roles. Higher education also helps therapists stay competitive in a growing healthcare field.
Leadership, Teaching, or Research Roles
Experienced respiratory therapists may move into supervisory or leadership positions, teaching roles in respiratory therapy programs, or research focused on advancing treatment methods and technologies.
Transitioning Into Healthcare Management or Advanced Practice
Some respiratory therapists choose to expand their careers by moving into healthcare administration or pursuing additional education to become advanced practice providers, such as physician assistants or nurse practitioners. These paths can lead to broader responsibilities and increased earning potential.
Similar and Alternative Careers
If you’re interested in respiratory care but want to explore related options, there are several careers with overlapping skills and responsibilities.
Pulmonary Function Technologist
Pulmonary function technologists specialize in conducting diagnostic tests that measure lung function and breathing capacity. They often work in hospitals or clinics and provide physicians with data needed to diagnose and manage respiratory conditions.
Registered Nurse (RN)
Registered nurses provide a broad range of patient care, including administering medications, monitoring patients, and assisting in treatment plans. While their scope of practice is wider than that of respiratory therapists, RNs may also work closely with patients who have respiratory issues, particularly in critical care settings.
Respiratory Therapy Assistant
Respiratory therapy assistants support licensed respiratory therapists by preparing equipment, assisting with treatments, and maintaining patient records. This role typically requires less schooling and can be a stepping stone to becoming a fully licensed respiratory therapist.
Physician Assistant (PA) or Nurse Practitioner (NP)
For those willing to pursue additional education, becoming a physician assistant or nurse practitioner offers expanded autonomy in diagnosing and treating patients. Both roles often involve working with patients who have respiratory conditions, but they also encompass broader medical care responsibilities.
How to Choose the Right Program
Selecting the right respiratory therapy program is an important step toward a successful career. Several factors should guide your decision to ensure you receive quality education and the training needed to meet licensure requirements.
Accreditation
One of the most important considerations is accreditation. Make sure the program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC). Accreditation ensures the curriculum meets professional standards, prepares you for the NBRC certification exams, and is recognized by employers.
On-Campus vs. Online Options
Respiratory therapy programs are offered both on-campus and online, though clinical training must be completed in person. On-campus programs provide direct access to instructors and hands-on lab experiences, while online programs may offer more flexibility for students who are working or have other commitments.
Program Length and Structure
Programs vary in length depending on whether you pursue an associate or bachelor’s degree. Associate degrees typically take about 2 years, while bachelor’s degrees take around 4 years. Look at course schedules, clinical rotation requirements, and the availability of accelerated tracks if you want to enter the workforce sooner.
Questions to Ask When Researching Schools
When evaluating programs, consider asking:
- Is the program CoARC-accredited?
- What are the graduation and NBRC exam pass rates?
- How many hours of clinical experience are included?
- What types of clinical settings and patient populations are available?
- Are there opportunities for specialization or advanced training?
- What support services are offered for students, such as tutoring or career placement?
Carefully reviewing these factors will help you choose a program that aligns with your career goals and sets you up for success as a respiratory therapist.
Resources for Aspiring Respiratory Therapists
Having access to the right resources can make the path to becoming a respiratory therapist more manageable and help you stay informed about the profession.
Professional Organizations
- American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC): Offers educational materials, networking opportunities, certification information, and career guidance.
- State Respiratory Care Societies: Many states have professional associations that provide local support, continuing education, and advocacy resources.
Certification and Exam Preparation
- National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC): Official site for certification requirements, exam preparation materials, and credential verification.
- Exam prep books, practice tests, and review courses can help ensure success on the CRT and RRT exams.
Educational Resources
- Websites of accredited respiratory therapy programs provide detailed information on admission requirements, coursework, and clinical training.
- Scholarship databases and financial aid resources can help offset the cost of education.
Career and Job Resources
- Job boards specific to respiratory therapy and healthcare careers, such as Health eCareers or AARC’s Career Center.
- Networking through internships, clinical rotations, and professional conferences can provide valuable connections and job leads.
Using these resources can help aspiring respiratory therapists make informed decisions, prepare effectively for certification, and navigate their career path with confidence.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for Becoming a Respiratory Therapist
How long does it take to become a respiratory therapist?
Most respiratory therapists complete an associate degree in about 2 years, while a bachelor’s degree takes around 4 years. Clinical training and licensure requirements are completed alongside or immediately after the program.
Do I need a bachelor’s degree to work as a respiratory therapist?
No, an associate degree is the minimum requirement to enter the field. However, a bachelor’s degree can provide more opportunities for career advancement, leadership roles, or specialization.
What certifications are required to work as a respiratory therapist?
Most states require licensure, and nationally, therapists earn certification through the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC). The primary credentials are Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT) and Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT).
Can respiratory therapists specialize in a particular area?
Yes. Common specializations include neonatal/pediatric care, sleep disorders, pulmonary rehabilitation, and critical care. Specializing often requires additional training or experience.
What skills are important for a respiratory therapist?
Essential skills include technical proficiency with respiratory equipment, strong communication, critical thinking in emergencies, and compassion for patients with respiratory conditions.
What types of patients do respiratory therapists treat?
Respiratory therapists work with a wide range of patients, including premature infants, elderly individuals with chronic illnesses, trauma patients, and those with asthma, COPD, or sleep disorders.
What career options are available besides becoming a respiratory therapist?
Related careers include pulmonary function technologist, respiratory therapy assistant, registered nurse, and, with additional education, physician assistant or nurse practitioner.
Are online respiratory therapy programs available?
Yes, some accredited programs offer online coursework, but clinical training must be completed in person at healthcare facilities.
How is the job outlook for respiratory therapists?
Employment for respiratory therapists is projected to grow faster than average, driven by an aging population and increased prevalence of chronic respiratory conditions.
Takeaways
Becoming a respiratory therapist requires dedication to both education and patient care, but the career offers rewarding opportunities to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives. With strong job growth, competitive salaries, and a range of settings to work in, respiratory therapy is an excellent option for individuals who want to combine technical skills with compassionate care. For those interested in a healthcare career and ready to take on a hands-on role in improving patient outcomes, pursuing a career as a respiratory therapist can be both a stable and fulfilling choice.
