What Is a Terminal Degree and How Can It Benefit You?

What Is a Terminal Degree?

A terminal degree is the highest level of education one can attain in a specific field. It signifies that the degree holder has reached the pinnacle of academic achievement in their chosen discipline, equipping them with extensive knowledge and expertise. Terminal degrees vary depending on the subject area and typically include doctoral and professional degrees, such as Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Master of Fine Arts (MFA).

Colleges and Universities Offering Terminal Degrees

Here’s a list of colleges and universities offering terminal degrees, including the type of degree, subjects, and whether they have campus locations, offer online options, or both:

1. Capella University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., D.B.A., Ed.D., Psy.D.
Subjects: Business, Education, Psychology, Nursing.
Campus Locations: No traditional campus; online university.
Online Options: Entirely online

2. Liberty University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., D.B.A., Ed.D., D.Min.
Subjects: Business, Education, Counseling, Theology, Nursing.
Campus Locations: Lynchburg, VA
Online Options: Both on-campus and extensive online programs available

3. University of Southern California (USC)

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., D.P.T., D.P.H., Ed.D.
Subjects: Medicine, Law, Education, Physical Therapy, Public Health, Engineering, Arts.
Campus Locations: Los Angeles, CA
Online Options: Both on-campus and online programs available.

4. University of Phoenix

Types of Terminal Degrees: D.B.A., Ed.D.
Subjects: Business, Education, Nursing.
Campus Locations: Multiple campuses across the U.S.
Online Options: Predominantly online programs.

5. Walden University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., Ed.D., D.B.A., D.N.P., Psy.D.
Subjects: Education, Business, Nursing, Psychology, Public Health.
Campus Locations: No traditional campus; online university.
Online Options: Entirely online.

6. Columbia University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., D.N.P., Ed.D.
Subjects: Medicine, Law, Business, Engineering, Public Health, Education, Nursing.
Campus Locations: New York, NY
Online Options: Limited online graduate programs.

7. Stanford University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., Ed.D., D.M.A.
Subjects: Law, Medicine, Business, Engineering, Education, Humanities, and Sciences.
Campus Locations: Stanford, CA
Online Options: Limited online options, mostly for professional education.

8. Johns Hopkins University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., D.N.P., Ed.D.
Subjects: Medicine, Nursing, Public Health, Education, Engineering, Arts and Sciences.
Campus Locations: Baltimore, MD
Online Options: Both on-campus and online options, especially in Public Health and Nursing.

9. University of Florida

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., Ed.D., D.P.T., D.N.P.
Subjects: Education, Public Health, Physical Therapy, Nursing, Engineering.
Campus Locations: Gainesville, FL
Online Options: Both on-campus and online programs.

10. Harvard University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., Ed.D.
Subjects: Law, Medicine, Education, Public Health, Business, Engineering, Arts and Sciences.
Campus Locations: Cambridge, MA
Online Options: Limited online offerings, primarily for continuing education and professional programs.

11. University of Michigan

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., D.P.T., Ed.D.
Subjects: Medicine, Law, Business, Education, Engineering, Public Health, Nursing.
Campus Locations: Ann Arbor, MI
Online Options: Both on-campus and limited online programs.

12. Boston University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., D.N.P., Ed.D.
Subjects: Medicine, Law, Business, Education, Public Health, Engineering, Nursing.
Campus Locations: Boston, MA
Online Options: Both on-campus and extensive online graduate programs.

13. University of Pennsylvania

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., D.M.A.
Subjects: Law, Medicine, Business, Engineering, Education, Arts and Sciences.
Campus Locations: Philadelphia, PA
Online Options: Limited online offerings, mostly for professional and continuing education.

14. Purdue University

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., Ed.D., D.B.A., D.P.T.
Subjects: Engineering, Education, Business, Physical Therapy.
Campus Locations: West Lafayette, IN
Online Options: Both on-campus and online programs.

15. New York University (NYU)

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., D.N.P., Ed.D.
Subjects: Law, Medicine, Business, Education, Public Health, Nursing, Arts and Sciences.
Campus Locations: New York, NY
Online Options: Both on-campus and limited online programs, primarily in professional and continuing education.

16. University of Chicago

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., M.D., J.D., D.B.A.
Subjects: Law, Medicine, Business, Public Policy, Social Work, Humanities, and Sciences.
Campus Locations: Chicago, IL
Online Options: Limited online offerings, primarily for executive and continuing education.

17. University of California, Berkeley

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., J.D., D.M.A.
Subjects: Law, Business, Engineering, Public Health, Arts and Sciences.
Campus Locations: Berkeley, CA
Online Options: Limited online programs, mostly in professional and executive education.

18. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Types of Terminal Degrees: Ph.D., Ed.D., D.B.A., D.N.P.
Subjects: Education, Business, Nursing, Engineering, Computer Science, Public Health.
Campus Locations: Urbana-Champaign, IL
Online Options: Both on-campus and online programs, with a strong emphasis on online learning for certain disciplines.

Terminal Degrees in Various Fields. Why It’s Important…

In many fields, earning an advanced degree is essential for career advancement and professional recognition. For example, a PhD is often required for faculty positions at universities and leadership roles in research institutions. In fields such as law, medicine, and psychology, professionals must hold terminal degrees to practice independently and assume positions of authority.

Beyond these career requirements, terminal degrees also demonstrate a deep commitment to one’s field, showcasing intellectual rigor and dedication to advancing their knowledge. These degrees open doors to opportunities in academia, research, consulting, and other high-level positions that may not be available without this level of education. Furthermore, advanced degree holders often enjoy higher earning potential and greater job security than their peers with lower-level degrees.

Types of Terminal Degrees

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

The Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D., is a research-based terminal degree that spans a wide range of disciplines. It represents the highest level of academic achievement in fields such as science, humanities, social sciences, and engineering. Ph.D. programs emphasize original research, critical analysis, and the development of new knowledge. Completing a Ph.D. typically requires several years of coursework, research, and the successful defense of a dissertation, which is an extensive, original contribution to the field.

Professional Doctorate Degrees (e.g., MD, JD, PsyD)

Professional doctorate degrees are advanced degrees that prepare individuals for careers in specific professions. Unlike PhDs, which focus on research, professional doctorates emphasize the application of knowledge and skills in practice. Examples of professional doctorate degrees include:

Doctor of Medicine (MD) – for physicians and surgeons
Juris Doctor (JD) – for lawyers
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) – for clinical psychologists

These programs typically combine advanced coursework with hands-on training, internships, or residencies, and graduates are often required to obtain licensure or certification to practice in their fields.

Master of Fine Arts (MFA) – for Arts and Creative Fields

In the world of arts and creative disciplines, the Master of Fine Arts (MFA) is often considered the terminal degree. This degree is designed for artists, writers, performers, and other creative professionals who wish to refine their skills, enhance their portfolios, and advance their careers. MFA programs emphasize the development of artistic technique, creative expression, and professional growth through a combination of studio work, workshops, and mentorship. Graduates of MFA programs often pursue careers in teaching, curating, or practicing their craft professionally.

Terminal Degrees by Subject Area

Terminal degrees represent the highest level of academic achievement within a given field of study or profession. Obtaining a terminal degree often qualifies individuals for advanced positions, specialized roles, and leadership opportunities. Below is an overview of common terminal degrees categorized by subject and profession.

1. Medicine and Healthcare

Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

The M.D. is a professional doctoral degree for physicians and surgeons. It prepares individuals for diagnosing and treating illnesses, performing medical procedures, and providing comprehensive healthcare services.
Typical Careers: Medical Doctor, Surgeon, Psychiatrist, Medical Researcher.

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.)

Similar to the M.D., the D.O. degree emphasizes a holistic approach to medicine, including osteopathic manipulative treatment. D.O.s are fully licensed physicians who can practice in all medical specialties.
Typical Careers: Osteopathic Physician, Primary Care Doctor, Specialist Physician.

Doctor of Nursing Practice (D.N.P.)

The D.N.P. is a practice-focused doctorate for nurses, emphasizing clinical practice-oriented leadership training. It prepares nurses for the highest level of nursing practice.
Typical Careers: Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Executive, Healthcare Administrator.

Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)

The Pharm.D. is a professional doctoral degree required to practice as a pharmacist. It focuses on medication therapy management and patient care.
Typical Careers: Pharmacist, Clinical Pharmacist, Pharmacy Manager, Pharmaceutical Researcher.

Doctor of Public Health (Dr.P.H.)

Description: The Dr.P.H. is a doctoral degree focusing on advanced public health practice and leadership. It prepares professionals to design, implement, and evaluate public health programs and policies.
Typical Careers: Public Health Director, Epidemiologist, Health Policy Advisor, Community Health Manager.

2. Law and Criminal Justice

Juris Doctor (J.D.)

The J.D. is the primary professional degree for lawyers in the United States. It provides comprehensive education in legal theory, practice, and ethics.
Typical Careers: Attorney, Judge, Legal Consultant, Corporate Counsel, Public Defender.

Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D. or J.S.D.)

The S.J.D. is a research-oriented doctoral degree in law, intended for legal scholars, researchers, and academics aiming for advanced legal studies.
Typical Careers: Law Professor, Legal Scholar, Policy Analyst, Senior Legal Researcher.

Doctor of Criminal Justice (D.C.J.)

The D.C.J. is a doctoral degree focusing on advanced study and research in criminal justice, criminology, and related fields.
Typical Careers: Criminal Justice Administrator, Policy Maker, Criminal Justice Professor, Law Enforcement Executive.

3. Education

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

The Ed.D. is a professional doctoral degree focusing on the application of educational research and leadership in educational settings.
Typical Careers: School Superintendent, Educational Administrator, Curriculum Director, University Administrator.

Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Ph.D.)

The Ph.D. in Education is a research-focused degree emphasizing the generation of new knowledge through original research in education.
Typical Careers: Education Researcher, University Professor, Educational Policy Analyst, Instructional Coordinator.

Doctor of Educational Leadership (Ed.L.D.)

The Ed.L.D. is designed for experienced educators seeking leadership roles in educational organizations, focusing on system-level change and innovation.
Typical Careers: Educational Leader, Policy Maker, Education Consultant, Nonprofit Executive Director.

4. Business and Management

Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.)

The D.B.A. is a professional doctoral degree focusing on the application of theory to real-world business challenges, emphasizing advanced decision-making and leadership skills.
Typical Careers: Business Executive, Management Consultant, Entrepreneur, Business School Faculty.

Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration (Ph.D.)

The Ph.D. in Business Administration is a research-intensive degree aimed at developing scholars for academic and research positions in business disciplines.
Typical Careers: University Professor, Business Researcher, Academic Consultant, Policy Analyst.

Doctor of Management (D.M.)

The D.M. focuses on advanced management theory and practice, preparing professionals for leadership roles that require strategic thinking and organizational expertise.
Typical Careers: Senior Manager, Organizational Development Consultant, Executive Coach, Corporate Strategist.

5. Arts and Humanities

Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.)

The M.F.A. is a terminal degree in the fine arts, including visual arts, creative writing, theater, and filmmaking. It focuses on the practice and creation of art at a professional level.
Typical Careers: Artist, Writer, Director, Professor of Fine Arts, Creative Director.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Arts/Humanities

The Ph.D. in various arts and humanities disciplines involves advanced research and scholarship, contributing new knowledge to fields such as literature, history, philosophy, and cultural studies.
Typical Careers: University Professor, Researcher, Museum Curator, Cultural Critic, Author.

Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.)

The D.M.A. is a doctoral degree for musicians focusing on performance, composition, or conducting at the highest professional level.
Typical Careers: Professional Musician, Conductor, Music Professor, Composer, Music Director.

6. Science and Engineering

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Sciences/Engineering

The Ph.D. is the highest academic degree in sciences and engineering, emphasizing original research, experimentation, and contribution to the body of knowledge in specific scientific fields.
Typical Careers: Research Scientist, University Professor, Engineering Manager, Laboratory Director, Industrial Researcher.

Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng. or Eng.D.)

The D.Eng. is a professional doctoral degree focusing on the practical application of engineering principles to complex technical problems.
Typical Careers: Senior Engineer, Technical Director, Engineering Consultant, Project Manager.

Doctor of Computer Science (D.C.Sc. or D.C.S.)

The D.C.S. is a doctoral degree specializing in advanced study and research in computer science and information technology.
Typical Careers: Chief Technology Officer, IT Researcher, Computer Science Professor, Software Development Director.

7. Psychology and Social Sciences

Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)

The Psy.D. is a professional doctoral degree focusing on clinical practice in psychology, preparing individuals for careers in counseling and therapy.
Typical Careers: Clinical Psychologist, Counseling Psychologist, School Psychologist, Mental Health Counselor.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Psychology

The Ph.D. in Psychology is a research-oriented degree emphasizing the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, suitable for academic and research careers.
Typical Careers: Research Psychologist, University Professor, Organizational Psychologist, Neuropsychologist.

Doctor of Social Work (D.S.W.)

The D.S.W. is a professional doctoral degree focusing on advanced social work practice, leadership, and applied research.
Typical Careers: Clinical Social Worker, Social Work Administrator, Policy Analyst, Social Work Educator.

8. Theology and Religious Studies

Doctor of Divinity (D.Div.)

The D.Div. is often an honorary degree, but some institutions offer it as an advanced study of theology and ministry.
Typical Careers: Senior Clergy Member, Theological Scholar, Religious Educator, Chaplain.

Doctor of Theology (Th.D.)

The Th.D. is a research doctorate in theological studies, focusing on scholarly research and academic teaching in theology.
Typical Careers: Theology Professor, Religious Studies Researcher, Seminary Instructor, Author.

Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.)

The D.Min. is a professional doctoral degree designed for those engaged in ministerial leadership, focusing on practical aspects of ministry.
Typical Careers: Senior Pastor, Ministry Leader, Religious Counselor, Mission Director.

9. Architecture and Design

Doctor of Architecture (D.Arch.)

The D.Arch. is a professional degree focusing on advanced architectural design, research, and practice.
Typical Careers: Architect, Urban Planner, Architectural Researcher, Design Consultant.

Master of Architecture (M.Arch.)

While not always considered a terminal degree, the M.Arch. is often the highest degree required for professional practice in architecture.
Typical Careers: Licensed Architect, Architectural Designer, Project Manager, Interior Architect.

10. Health Sciences and Allied Health

Doctor of Physical Therapy (D.P.T.)

The D.P.T. is a professional doctoral degree required for practice as a physical therapist, focusing on diagnosing and treating movement dysfunctions.
Typical Careers: Physical Therapist, Rehabilitation Specialist, Sports Therapist, Clinical Director.

Doctor of Occupational Therapy (O.T.D.)

The O.T.D. prepares individuals for advanced practice and leadership roles in occupational therapy, focusing on helping people perform daily activities.
Typical Careers: Occupational Therapist, Rehabilitation Coordinator, Ergonomic Specialist, Clinical Instructor.

Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.)

The Au.D. is a professional doctoral degree for audiologists, focusing on the study and treatment of hearing and balance disorders.
Typical Careers: Audiologist, Hearing Specialist, Clinical Researcher, Audiology Clinic Director.

Understanding the variety of terminal degrees available across different subjects and professions can help individuals make informed decisions about their educational and career paths. Each terminal degree serves as a gateway to advanced expertise, leadership roles, and opportunities to contribute significantly to one’s field of study. Whether pursuing a career in healthcare, law, education, or the arts, achieving a terminal degree represents a commitment to excellence and a dedication to advancing knowledge and practice within a chosen profession.

Benefits of Earning a Terminal Degree

Increased Career Opportunities

A terminal degree can open doors to a wide range of career opportunities. With this type of advanced degree, you become more competitive in the job market, as employers often seek candidates with the highest level of education in their fields. This advanced education can qualify you for leadership roles, prestigious positions, and specialized roles that may be unattainable with lower-level degrees. Moreover, terminal degree holders often have access to exclusive professional networks, which can further expand their career prospects.

Higher Earning Potential

Generally, individuals with terminal degrees enjoy higher earning potential than those with lower-level degrees. According to the BLS earnings by degree, doctoral degree holders earn a median weekly wage of $2,083, compared to $1,432 for bachelor’s degree holders. Over a lifetime, this difference can translate into significantly higher earnings and financial stability.

Professional Recognition and Credibility

Earning a terminal degree demonstrates expertise and commitment to your field. This advanced education often leads to greater professional recognition and credibility, as you become an authority in your discipline. With this advanced degree, you can command respect from peers, colleagues, and employers, and you may be called upon to share your expertise through speaking engagements, consulting opportunities, or serving on advisory boards.

Opportunities for Teaching and Research

Terminal degrees often provide the opportunity to pursue teaching and research careers in academia. Many colleges and universities require faculty members to hold advanced degrees in their fields, particularly for tenure-track positions. In addition to teaching, terminal degree holders can also engage in cutting-edge research, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in their disciplines and shaping the future of their fields.

How to Pursue a Terminal Degree

Identifying the Right Program and Degree for Your Career Goals

Before embarking on the journey to earn an advanced degree, it’s important to identify the right program and degree for your career goals. Begin by researching different fields and the specific degrees required for your desired career path. Consider factors such as program length, curriculum, faculty expertise, and the institution’s reputation. Reach out to professionals in your field, connect with alumni, and attend informational sessions to gather insights about various programs. Your research will help you make an informed decision about which degree and program best align with your career aspirations.

Balancing Work, Family, and Other Commitments with Education

Pursuing a terminal degree can be a challenging endeavor, particularly for adult learners and non-traditional students who must balance work, family, and other commitments with their education. To manage these competing priorities, develop a realistic and flexible study plan that takes your personal and professional responsibilities into account. Consider part-time or online programs that offer the flexibility to fit your schedule. Additionally, communicate your goals to your employer, family, and friends, so they can support you in your educational journey.

Financial Considerations and Funding Opportunities

Obtaining a terminal degree can be a significant financial investment. To ease the burden, research funding opportunities and financial aid options available to you. Many graduate programs offer teaching or research assistantships, which can cover tuition costs and provide a stipend. Apply for scholarships, fellowships, and grants specific to your field or demographics. You can also explore employer tuition assistance programs or low-interest student loans. By being proactive and resourceful, you can reduce the financial strain of pursuing an advanced degree and focus on achieving your educational and career goals.

Success Stories: Professionals with Terminal Degrees

Examples of Professionals Who Have Achieved Success After Obtaining a Terminal Degree

Many professionals have achieved remarkable success after obtaining a terminal degree, illustrating the power of advanced education in unlocking new opportunities. For instance, consider Dr. Mae Jemison, the first African American woman to travel to space, who holds a Doctor of Medicine degree. Or think about Dr. Robert Gallo, a renowned biomedical researcher with a Doctor of Medicine degree, who co-discovered HIV as the cause of AIDS.

These stories exemplify how earning an advanced degree can propel individuals to the forefront of their fields, opening doors to groundbreaking achievements and positions of influence. By pursuing a terminal degree, you too can unlock your potential and make a lasting impact in your chosen profession.

Inspiring Stories of Overcoming Challenges and Persevering in Education

Beyond professional success, many advanced degree holders have inspiring stories of overcoming challenges and persevering in their education. Consider the story of Dr. Brenda Milner, a neuropsychologist who earned her PhD at the age of 35 while raising a young child. Despite the challenges of balancing family and education, Dr. Milner went on to become a pioneer in cognitive neuroscience and memory research.

These stories serve as powerful reminders that pursuing a terminal degree is not only about professional advancement but also personal growth and resilience. As you embark on your journey to earn an advanced degree, remember that the challenges you face along the way will only strengthen your determination and commitment to your field.

Ready To Pursue An Advanced Degree?

Earning a terminal degree offers numerous benefits, including increased career opportunities, higher earning potential, professional recognition and credibility, and access to teaching and research positions.

We encourage you to explore the various degree options available and take that first step toward unlocking a world of opportunity.

Additional Resources

Online Colleges and Programs

Check out our online program page and our online degree page for options to get an advanced degree. By leveraging these resources, you can find the right program for your needs and take the first step toward unlocking new professional opportunities.