Radiology technicians perform diagnostic imaging procedures that help physicians detect and diagnose medical conditions. Using advanced equipment such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, radiology technicians capture high-quality images that guide treatment decisions and improve patient care.
As an important part of the medical team, radiology technicians work closely with doctors, nurses, and radiologists to ensure patient safety and comfort during imaging procedures. They are trained to follow strict radiation protection guidelines, operate sophisticated imaging equipment, and assist in interpreting imaging results.
The demand for radiology technicians continues to grow, driven by advancements in medical imaging technology and an aging population requiring more diagnostic services. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for radiologic technologists is expected to increase in the coming years, offering strong job security and competitive salaries.
If this type of healthcare career resonates with you, please continue reading below.
What Does a Radiology Technician Do?
Radiology technicians are healthcare professionals responsible for performing diagnostic imaging procedures that help physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Their daily responsibilities include operating advanced imaging equipment such as X-ray, CT scan, and MRI machines to capture high-quality images of a patient’s internal structures.
In addition to handling imaging technology, radiology technicians play a critical role in patient care. They prepare patients for imaging procedures by explaining the process, positioning them correctly, and ensuring their comfort. Since radiation exposure is a key concern, technicians must follow strict safety protocols to protect both patients and themselves from unnecessary exposure.
Beyond conducting scans, radiology technicians collaborate with radiologists and other healthcare providers to assist in image interpretation and ensure accurate diagnostic results. Their expertise in producing clear and precise images is critical for detecting fractures, tumors, and other medical conditions. By combining technical skills with patient-centered care, radiology technicians contribute significantly to the overall healthcare process, helping to facilitate accurate diagnoses and effective treatment plans.
Skills Needed to Become a Radiology Technician
A successful radiology technician needs a mix of technical expertise, medical knowledge, and interpersonal skills to perform imaging procedures accurately and ensure patient safety. Below are the key skills required for the role:
- Technical Skills – Proficiency in operating advanced imaging equipment, including X-ray, CT scan, and MRI machines, to capture high-quality diagnostic images.
- Medical Knowledge – Strong understanding of anatomy, physiology, and medical terminology to accurately position patients and interpret imaging needs.
- Attention to Detail – Ensuring images are clear and precise by properly adjusting imaging settings, positioning patients, and following radiation safety protocols.
- Communication Skills – Effectively explaining procedures to patients, easing their concerns, and collaborating with radiologists and other healthcare professionals.
- Problem-Solving Abilities – Quickly identifying and troubleshooting equipment malfunctions or adjusting procedures to accommodate patient needs and imaging challenges.
- Physical Stamina – Ability to stand for long hours, assist in positioning patients, and handle physically demanding tasks, especially in high-paced healthcare environments.
These skills help radiology technicians perform their duties efficiently while ensuring the best possible patient care.
Education Pathways to Becoming a Radiology Technician
Becoming a radiology technician involves selecting an educational pathway that aligns with career goals and the level of expertise desired. Below are the main education options, each with its own benefits and opportunities for career growth.
Certificate Programs in Radiologic Technology
A certificate program in radiologic technology is a short-term option that typically takes 12 to 24 months to complete. These programs are ideal for individuals seeking to enter the field quickly and pursue entry-level positions. The programs generally focus on the technical skills needed to operate imaging equipment and prepare patients for imaging procedures. However, the career advancement opportunities for individuals with only a certificate may be limited, and further education may be required to specialize or move into higher roles.
Recommended Programs:
- Pima Medical Institute – Offers a Radiologic Technology Certificate that can be completed in as little as 18 months, providing students with hands-on experience and classroom training.
- San Joaquin Valley College – Offers an accelerated 18-month certificate program designed for students to enter the workforce quickly with the necessary skills to pass certification exams.
Potential Careers:
- X-ray Technician: Operates X-ray machines to capture images of a patient’s bones and tissues.
- Radiologic Technologist (Entry-Level): Performs diagnostic imaging procedures such as X-rays and prepares patients for imaging scans.
Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology
The associate degree in radiologic technology is the most common educational path for aspiring radiology technicians. This 2-year degree combines classroom instruction with clinical training, offering students a comprehensive foundation in radiology. Most employers require an associate degree for entry-level radiology technician roles. Additionally, this degree is accredited, making graduates eligible to take certification exams and obtain state licensure. An associate degree also allows for some career advancement in the field, such as specializing in specific imaging techniques or obtaining supervisory roles.
Recommended Programs:
- University of Cincinnati – Offers an accredited Associate of Applied Science in Radiologic Technology, combining clinical rotations with in-depth coursework to prepare students for certification.
- Gateway Community College – Provides a comprehensive Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology, designed to meet the needs of students seeking to enter the field quickly while receiving accreditation for certification eligibility.
Potential Careers:
- Radiologic Technologist: Performs a range of diagnostic imaging procedures, including X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, as well as working with physicians to evaluate images.
- MRI Technologist: Specializes in operating MRI machines to capture detailed images of internal body structures.
Bachelor’s Degree in Radiologic Sciences
A bachelor’s degree in radiologic sciences is a 4-year degree offering advanced training and specialization in areas such as MRI, CT, or mammography. While not required for all radiology technician roles, a bachelor’s degree can open doors to career advancement opportunities in leadership, education, or more specialized clinical roles. With a higher salary potential and access to increased job opportunities, this path is ideal for those looking to progress in the field or pursue teaching, management, or research positions in radiology.
Recommended Programs:
- University of Southern California – Offers a Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Sciences, providing students with opportunities for specialization and advanced practice.
- Georgia State University – Offers a Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Sciences, preparing students for roles in clinical practice, education, and administration.
Potential Careers:
- Radiologic Science Educator: Teaches aspiring radiology technicians in academic or clinical settings.
- Radiology Department Supervisor: Oversees a radiology department in a hospital or medical facility, managing technicians and ensuring proper equipment operation and patient care.
Online and Hybrid Radiologic Technology Programs
For working professionals or those with time constraints, online and hybrid radiologic technology programs offer flexible options. These programs often combine online coursework with hands-on clinical training, which can be completed locally. Online and hybrid programs are ideal for individuals who need to balance education with work or family responsibilities. However, it’s important to choose programs that are accredited, as this ensures eligibility for certification exams and licensure after graduation.
Recommended Programs:
- Bellevue University – Offers a Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Science (Hybrid), which is designed for those with a radiologic technology background and allows students to complete much of their coursework online.
- University of St. Francis – Offers a hybrid Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Sciences, which blends online learning with in-person clinical experience to accommodate working professionals.
Potential Careers:
- Radiologic Technologist (Advanced): Specializes in advanced imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, or mammography.
- Radiologic Services Manager: Manages the operational aspects of radiology services, including overseeing radiology staff and ensuring high-quality patient care.
Each of these education pathways offers a different approach to becoming a radiology technician, depending on individual needs and career goals. Whether you choose a certificate, associate degree, bachelor’s degree, or a hybrid program, ensuring accreditation and certification eligibility is key to a successful career in radiologic technology.
Certification and Licensing Requirements
To work as a radiology technician, obtaining certification and meeting licensing requirements is essential. These credentials not only validate a technician’s education and expertise but are also necessary to practice legally in many states. Below are the key aspects of certification, licensing, and ongoing education for radiology technicians.
ARRT (American Registry of Radiologic Technologists) Certification Process
The ARRT is the leading credentialing organization for radiologic technologists in the United States. Certification through ARRT is highly regarded by employers and is often required for radiology technician positions. The process involves several key steps:
- Education Requirements: Candidates must graduate from an accredited radiologic technology program, which can be at the certificate, associate, or bachelor’s level.
- Examination: After completing the required education, candidates must pass the ARRT exam, which tests knowledge and practical skills in radiologic technology. The exam includes multiple-choice questions and, depending on the specialty, may have clinical simulations.
- Application: After passing the exam, candidates can apply for ARRT certification, which is a national credential recognized by most employers.
- Ethics Review: ARRT requires an ethics review as part of the certification process. Applicants must undergo a criminal background check and answer questions regarding any history of felony convictions or unethical conduct.
Once certified by ARRT, radiology technicians are allowed to use the title “RT” (Registered Technologist) after their name, along with their specialty designation (e.g., RT(R) for Radiography)
State-Specific Licensing Requirements
While ARRT certification is widely recognized, most states also require radiology technicians to obtain state-specific licenses to practice legally. Licensing requirements vary by state, but they typically include:
- State Application and Fees: Technicians must submit an application to the state licensing board, along with any required documentation (such as proof of education and ARRT certification) and pay a licensing fee.
- Additional Exams: Some states may require technicians to take additional state exams, which assess local knowledge of radiology laws and safety regulations.
- Reciprocity: Technicians who are licensed in one state may be able to obtain licensure in another state through reciprocity agreements, which often require verification of ARRT certification and continuing education.
It’s important for radiology technicians to research their state’s specific licensing requirements before beginning work. Certain states may also require a state exam or additional background checks.
Continuing Education and Recertification Requirements
Radiology technicians are required to maintain their ARRT certification and state licensure through ongoing education and recertification. These requirements help ensure that technicians stay current with technological advancements and best practices in radiology.
- Continuing Education (CE): The ARRT requires certified radiology technicians to complete 24 CE credits every two years. These credits can be earned through courses, workshops, webinars, and other professional development activities. Some states may also have their own CE requirements for licensure.
- Recertification: In addition to completing CE, radiology technicians must undergo recertification with ARRT every 10 years. This process involves submitting proof of completed CE credits and renewing the ARRT certification, ensuring that technicians continue to meet the standards of the profession.
- Specialty Certifications: Radiology technicians can also pursue additional certifications in specialized areas like MRI, mammography, or CT scanning. These certifications typically require extra training and exams, as well as continued CE to maintain the specialty designation.
By fulfilling continuing education requirements and renewing certifications, radiology technicians can stay current with new technology, patient safety protocols, and industry standards, allowing them to advance their careers and provide the best care possible.
Specializations in Radiologic Technology
Radiologic technology offers various specialization options that allow radiology technicians to focus on specific imaging techniques or treatment areas. Specializing in a particular field can provide greater career advancement opportunities, higher earning potential, and a chance to work with cutting-edge technology. Below are some of the most common specializations within radiologic technology:
MRI Technologist
An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technologist operates MRI machines to capture detailed images of the body’s internal structures, such as the brain, spinal cord, and joints. This specialization requires advanced knowledge of MRI procedures, safety protocols, and patient positioning to produce high-quality images. MRI technologists work closely with physicians to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, from neurological disorders to musculoskeletal injuries.
- Key Responsibilities: Operating MRI equipment, ensuring patient comfort, preparing patients for procedures, explaining the process, maintaining safety protocols related to MRI magnetic fields.
- Job Opportunities: Hospitals, imaging centers, and specialty clinics focused on neurological or musculoskeletal conditions.
Educational Pathway for MRI Technologists
To become an MRI technologist, a person typically follows this educational pathway:
- Step 1: Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology – This is the most common starting point. The program typically takes two years and includes courses in anatomy, patient care, radiologic physics, and imaging techniques.
- Step 2: MRI Specialization – After completing an accredited radiologic technology program, you would pursue additional training or certification specific to MRI. This can be done through certificate programs or on-the-job training, with many programs offering MRI-specific courses or clinical rotations in MRI technology.
- Step 3: Certification and Licensing – ARRT certification in MRI (RT(MRI)) is required, which includes passing an exam. Some states may have additional licensing requirements.
MRI Tech Programs
- Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology (MRI Track) – Available at schools such as American Career College or San Joaquin Valley College.
- MRI Certificate Program – Available through institutions like University of California, San Francisco or The American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT).
CT (Computed Tomography) Technologist
CT technologists specialize in operating CT scanners to obtain cross-sectional images of the body, particularly useful for diagnosing diseases such as cancers, infections, and vascular conditions. This specialization involves working with highly advanced technology, using contrast agents to enhance the quality of images, and ensuring proper patient positioning.
- Key Responsibilities: Operating CT machines, administering contrast agents, following safety procedures, interpreting images with the help of radiologists.
- Job Opportunities: Hospitals, diagnostic imaging centers, and outpatient clinics.
Educational Pathways for CT Techs
To become a CT technologist, individuals typically pursue the following steps:
- Step 1: Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology – This two-year degree program provides foundational knowledge in radiology, including the operation of imaging equipment.
- Step 2: CT Specialization – After completing the general radiologic technology program, individuals can take additional courses or a certificate in CT imaging. Many certificate programs offer training in advanced imaging techniques, including CT scanning.
- Step 3: Certification and Licensing – Obtain ARRT certification in CT (RT(CT)) by passing an exam. Most states also require state-specific licensing.
Programs for CT Techs
- Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology with CT Specialization – Offered at schools like Keiser University or Southern New Hampshire University.
- CT Certification Program – Offered by institutions like The American Institute of Radiologic Sciences or University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Mammography Technologist
Mammography technologists are specialists in performing mammograms, which are X-ray exams of the breasts used to detect cancer and other abnormalities. This specialization requires specialized training in breast imaging, patient care, and the ability to work with patients who may be anxious about the procedure.
- Key Responsibilities: Conducting mammography exams, ensuring patient comfort, maintaining high-quality imaging standards, educating patients on the procedure.
- Job Opportunities: Hospitals, specialized imaging centers, and clinics focusing on women’s health.
Educational Pathways for Mammography Technologists
To become a mammography technologist, the pathway typically includes:
- Step 1: Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology – Most mammography technologists start by earning a two-year associate degree in radiologic technology. This degree includes general radiology education and clinical training.
- Step 2: Mammography Certification – After becoming a certified radiologic technologist, you can take a mammography-specific certification exam from ARRT. Some programs also provide mammography training as part of continuing education courses.
- Step 3: Certification and Licensing – Certification in mammography (RT(M)) from ARRT is required to practice in this specialization. State-specific licensing requirements may also apply.
Programs for Mammography Techs
- Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology – Schools like Ohio University or Herzing University offer this program with the option for mammography specialization.
- Mammography Certificate Program – Available at institutions like The University of California, San Francisco or The American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT).
Interventional Radiology Technologist
Interventional radiology technologists assist in minimally invasive, image-guided procedures that are often used for diagnosis and treatment. These procedures include angiograms, biopsies, and stent placements. Technologists in this field work alongside radiologists and other healthcare professionals to monitor the patient, operate imaging equipment, and assist in real-time procedures.
- Key Responsibilities: Assisting in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, using imaging equipment to guide treatments, monitoring patient status during procedures, ensuring sterile technique.
- Job Opportunities: Hospitals, specialized radiology centers, and outpatient surgical
Educational Pathways for Interventional Radiology Techs
- Step 1: Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology – This foundational program prepares students to become certified radiologic technologists.
- Step 2: Specialized Training in Interventional Radiology – After completing a general radiology program, students may pursue additional specialized training in interventional radiology. Some certificate programs offer interventional radiology as part of their curriculum.
- Step 3: Certification and Licensing – While ARRT certification in radiologic technology is essential (RT), technicians can also pursue specialized certification in interventional radiology. Certification in this area may require completing a clinical fellowship and passing an exam.
Programs for Interventional Radiology
- Associate Degree in Radiologic Technology with Interventional Radiology Specialization – Available at schools like University of Colorado Denver or Pima Medical Institute.
- Interventional Radiology Fellowship or Certification Program – Programs offered by The American Society of Radiologic Technologists or The Society of Interventional Radiology.
Radiation Therapy Technologist
Radiation therapy technologists, or radiation therapists, work with oncologists to administer high doses of radiation to cancer patients. They are responsible for preparing patients for radiation treatment, setting up and operating radiation equipment, and ensuring the safe and accurate delivery of radiation therapy.
- Key Responsibilities: Administering radiation treatments, positioning patients, monitoring patient progress, ensuring patient safety and comfort during treatments.
- Job Opportunities: Cancer treatment centers, hospitals with oncology departments, and outpatient radiation therapy clinics.
Educational Pathways for Radiation Therapy Techs
To become a radiation therapy technologist, the pathway typically includes:
- Step 1: Associate Degree in Radiation Therapy – This is the most common educational route, taking about two years. It provides a strong foundation in radiation therapy and patient care.
- Step 2: Internship/Clinical Experience – Radiation therapy programs often include clinical rotations in cancer treatment centers, where students gain hands-on experience working with radiation oncology teams.
- Step 3: Certification and Licensing – Certification from ARRT in radiation therapy (RT(T)) is required. This involves passing an exam after completing an accredited program. Many states also require a state-specific license for radiation therapists.
Programs for Radiation Therapy
- Associate Degree in Radiation Therapy – Programs available at schools like University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill or Herzing University.
- Radiation Therapy Certificate Programs – Available at institutions like The University of California, San Francisco or University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Gaining Clinical Experience in Radiology Technology
While classroom learning provides the theoretical knowledge needed for the profession, clinical training offers the practical skills required to operate imaging equipment, interact with patients, and work in a healthcare environment. Clinical experience also helps students become familiar with real-world medical settings and develop professional behavior.
Hands-On Training in Clinical Settings
Clinical experience allows students to apply what they’ve learned in the classroom to real-life situations. This training is invaluable for building technical proficiency, as students must learn to operate complex imaging equipment, position patients accurately, and work efficiently in fast-paced environments. It also helps students develop essential interpersonal skills, such as communicating with patients and healthcare teams. Hands-on experience builds confidence, competence, and readiness for the workforce.
Internships, Externships, and On-the-Job Training Opportunities
Several pathways provide clinical training opportunities:
- Internships and Externships: Many radiologic technology programs require internships or externships as part of the curriculum. These are typically unpaid work placements at hospitals, imaging centers, or outpatient clinics where students gain practical experience under the supervision of licensed professionals.
- On-the-Job Training: For those who already have some radiologic technology education or certification, on-the-job training may be an option. Some employers offer training for new hires to learn specific equipment or procedures. This training provides valuable hands-on exposure in a professional setting.
Hospitals, Imaging Centers, and Outpatient Clinics
Hospitals, imaging centers, and outpatient clinics are essential environments for clinical experience. These settings allow radiology technicians-in-training to work with a variety of imaging equipment and procedures, often under pressure in emergency situations.
- Hospitals: Provide a comprehensive range of diagnostic imaging services, from routine X-rays to advanced imaging procedures like CT and MRI scans. Hospitals also offer exposure to a wide variety of patient conditions, which is essential for gaining broad experience.
- Imaging Centers: Specialize in diagnostic imaging and may focus on specific areas, such as MRI, CT, or mammography. These centers often provide more focused experience on particular imaging techniques.
- Outpatient Clinics: Offer imaging services to patients who may not require hospitalization. These clinics provide experience in handling a steady stream of patients with routine imaging needs and often offer more one-on-one patient interactions.
By gaining clinical experience in these settings, aspiring radiology technicians develop the skills necessary to excel in their careers, while also establishing connections that can lead to employment opportunities after certification.
Salary and Job Outlook for Radiology Technicians
Radiologic technologists, also known as radiographers, play a vital role in healthcare by performing diagnostic imaging examinations on patients. As of May 2023, the median annual salary for radiologic technologists was $73,410, with the lowest 10% earning less than $50,020 and the highest 10% earning over $102,380 annually.
Job Outlook and Industry Demand
The demand for radiologic technologists is projected to grow by 6% from 2023 to 2033, which is faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is expected to result in about 16,000 job openings each year, on average, over the decade. bls.gov
Factors Influencing Salary
Several factors can influence a radiologic technologist’s salary:
- Location: Salaries can vary significantly based on geographic location. For example, technologists in urban areas or regions with a higher cost of living may earn more than those in rural areas.
- Experience: Technologists with more years of experience typically command higher salaries. Entry-level positions may start at around $47,000 annually, with potential to increase to $80,000 or more as experience grows.
- Specialization: Specializing in areas such as MRI, CT, or mammography can lead to higher earning potential due to the advanced skills and training required.
Overall, the field of radiologic technology offers a promising career path with competitive salaries and a strong job outlook.
Takeaways
Becoming a radiology technician requires completing a radiologic technology program, gaining hands-on clinical experience, and obtaining certification and state licensure. Choosing the right education pathway—whether a certificate, associate degree or bachelor’s degree—depends on individual career goals and desired advancement opportunities.
By following the steps outlined on this page, aspiring radiology technicians can build a strong foundation for a rewarding career in medical imaging.